Honors Biology Fall Semester Exam 2015 Test Pool

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

	1.	Living things
a. require energy to carry on life processes.   b. have the ability to reproduce.   c. are composed of cells.   d. All of the above

	2.	A group of genetically similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring is called a
a. species.   b. gene.   c. mutation.   d. paramecium.

	3.	All living organisms are composed of
a. diatoms.   b. cellulose.   c. cells.   d. None of the above

	4.	Cell membranes
a. are only found on a small number of cells.   b. contain genes.   c. are made of DNA.   d. are thin coverings that surround cells.

	5.	A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n)
a. prediction.   b. experiment.   c. control.   d. variable.

	6.	The variable that is measured in an experiment is the ____ variable.
a. independent.   b. dependent.   c. control.   d. experimental.

	7.	The logical scientific method for studying nature includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. observing nature   b. developing explanations   c. testing the explanations   d. genetically engineering test subjects

	8.	The level of organization represented in the figure is a(n)
a. atom.   b. tissue.   c. molecule.   d. organ.   e. cell.

	9.	A community
a. includes all populations of all species in an area.   b. features the living organisms interacting with the physical and chemical environment.   c. is the sum of all places in Earth's atmosphere, crust, and waters where organisms live.   d. includes members of only one species.   e. is at a higher level than an ecosystem.

	10.	Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of "life"?
a. organization into cells   b. response to environmental change   c. reproduction   d. inability to change   e. using energy

	11.	Living organisms are different from inanimate objects because they
a. react to environmental stimuli.   b. exhibit massive complexity.   c. possess molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid.   d. exhibit multiple levels of organization.   e. all of these

	12.	The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is known as
a. metabolism.   b. photosynthesis.   c. chemosynthesis.   d. catabolism.   e. anabolism.

	13.	Nonliving entities do NOT possess
a. energetic interactions.   b. DNA.   c. atoms.   d. elements.   e. any of these.

	14.	Homeostasis provides what kind of environment?
a. positive   b. relatively constant around a set point   c. limiting   d. changing   e. chemical and physical

	15.	Which of the following are NOT eukaryotes?
a. fungi   b. bacteria   c. plants   d. animals   e. protistans

	16.	A mutation is a change in
a. homeostasis.   b. the developmental pattern in an organism.   c. metabolism.   d. hereditary instructions.   e. the life cycle of an organism.

	17.	Evolution occurs at what level of organization?
a. organism   b. molecule   c. organ   d. population   e. ecosystem

	18.	The diversity of structure, function, and behavior in living organisms is primarily the result of
a. reproduction.   b. heredity.   c. evolution.   d. chance variations in living organisms of the same generation.   e. artificial selection.

	19.	A well-tested hypothesis that has not been disproved is called a
a. principle.   b. law.   c. theory.   d. fact.   e. hypothesis.

	20.	In order to arrive at a solution to a problem, a scientist usually conducts one or more
a. laws.   b. theories.   c. experiments.   d. principles.   e. facts.

	21.	Which represents the highest degree of certainty?
a. hypothesis   b. fact   c. assumption   d. theory   e. prediction

	22.	The control in an experiment
a. makes the experiment valid.   b. is an additional replicate for statistical purposes.   c. reduces the experimental errors.   d. minimizes experimental inaccuracy.   e. allows a mixed group of comparisons among different organisms for the experimental group.

	23.	In an experiment, the control group is
a. not subjected to experimental error.   b. exposed to experimental treatments.   c. maintained under strict laboratory conditions.   d. treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable.   e. statistically the most important part of the experiment.

	24.	Which of the following can be changed based on new evidence?
a. hypothesis   b. theory   c. prediction   d. experiment   e. all of these

	25.	All of the following will strengthen a theory EXCEPT
a. repetitions of experiments.   b. increased observations.   c. time.   d. faith.   e. confirmation by many scientists.

	26.	Nonpolar molecules have
a. no negative or positive poles.   b. both negative and positive poles.   c. only a negative pole.   d. only a positive pole.

	27.	When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because
a. they are both polar.   b. water is polar and oil is nonpolar.   c. they are both nonpolar.   d. water is nonpolar and oil is polar.

	28.	Water is a polar molecule because
a. it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom.   b. it has a charge.   c. different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges.   d. it does not have a charge.

	29.	Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule?
a. carbohydrate   b. ice   c. lipid   d. nucleic acid

	30.	All organic compounds contain the element
a. carbon.   b. nitrogen.   c. calcium.   d. sodium.

	31.	Carbohydrates and lipids have many carbon-hydrogen bonds; therefore, they both
a. store energy in these bonds.   b. are easily dissolved in water.   c. dissolve only in vinegar.   d. exist only in cells of plants.

	32.	The shape of a protein is primarily determined by
a. the type and sequence of its amino acids.   b. its size.   c. its cell location.   d. None of the above

	33.	A molecule shaped like a spiral staircase (double helix) is typical of
a. deoxyribonucleic acid.   b. ribonucleic acid.   c. lipids.   d. carbohydrates.

	34.	The molecule shown above is a(n) ____.
a. amino acid   b. monosaccharide   c. steroid   d. nucleotide   e. phospholipid

	35.	The linkage commonly found between subunits in a chain of monosaccharides is called a ____ bond.
a. phosphodiester   b. disulfide   c. glycosidic   d. hydrogen   e. peptide

Use the figure above for the following question(s).

	36.	The molecule shown above is ____.
a. a triglyceride   b. an amino acid   c. a steroid   d. a polysaccharide   e. a phospholipid

	37.	Which of these are the main structural components of biological membranes?
a. starches   b. triglycerides   c. proteins   d. phospholipids   e. steroids

	38.	The molecule shown above is ____.
a. a triglyceride   b. an amino acid   c. a steroid   d. a polysaccharide   e. a phospholipid

	39.	Which of the following is NOT a major function of proteins in living organisms?
a. speeding up biological reactions   b. transporting substances across membranes   c. providing structural support   d. regulating the activity of other cellular molecules   e. storing genetic information

	40.	Proteins are polymers of ____.
a. amino acids   b. monosaccharides   c. steroids   d. nucleotides   e. phospholipids

	41.	Which of these terms is most inclusive?
a. monosaccharide   b. starch   c. polysaccharide   d. disaccharide   e. carbohydrate

	42.	A carbohydrate energy storage molecule found in animal liver and muscle cells is:
a. starch.   b. glycogen.   c. cellulose.   d. a fatty acid.   e. cholesterol.

	43.	Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is correct?
a. They are more common in animals.   b. They have no double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.   c. They are generally liquids at room temperature.   d. They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.   e. They have fewer fatty acids per fat molecule than do saturated fats.

	44.	You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds, and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:
a. protein.   b. nucleic acid.   c. polysaccharide.   d. steroid.   e. carotenoid.

	45.	Which of the following statements concerning steroids is FALSE?
a. They can function as hormones.   b. They are exemplified by cholesterol.   c. They consist of four attached carbon rings.   d. They are synthesized from isoprene units.   e. They contain phosphodiester linkages.

	46.	The most abundant molecules in this structure are:

a. structural proteins.   b. polysaccharides.   c. triacylglycerols.   d. phospholipids.   e. polypeptides.

	47.	This molecule transmits heredity information:
a. cholesterol.   b. adenosine triphosphate.   c. nucleic acid.   d. fatty acid.   e. polysaccharide.

	48.	DNA most directly determines which __________ are made by a cell.
a. polysaccharides   b. polypeptides   c. nucleotides   d. triglycerides   e. fatty acids

	49.	Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between RNA and DNA?
a. RNA is a protein and DNA is a nucleic acid.   b. DNA is a polymer and RNA is a monomer.   c. DNA comprises the genes, while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis.   d. RNA is a single-stranded form of DNA.   e. DNA is the primary energy currency of all cells.

	50.	Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?
a. polysaccharide-peptide bond   b. triacylglycerol-glycosidic linkage   c. nucleic acid-phosphodiester linkage   d. protein-ester linkage   e. steroid-peptide bond

	51.	ATP is important in living organisms because:
a. like all other nucleic acids, it stores hereditary information.   b. like RNA, it acts as a source code for the formation of proteins.   c. it can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals.   d. it is an important structural component of cell membranes.   e. it is easily converted to starch for long-term storage.

	52.	If the volume of a cell increases, its surface area will
a. decrease.   b. remain the same.   c. increase proportionately.   d. increase to a greater degree.   e. increase to a lesser degree.

	53.	All of the following are tenets of the cell theory that research with modern microscopes supports EXCEPT that
a. all organisms consist of one or more cells.   b. the cell is the smallest unit that retains the characteristics of life.   c. since the first cell, each new cell is descended from previous cells.   d. each cell is composed of products that it manufactures.   e. cells may arise spontaneously under certain laboratory conditions.

	54.	Organelles do all of the following EXCEPT
a. manufacture proteins.   b. sustain internal microenvironments.   c. control import and export of materials.   d. transport substances.   e. all of the above functions are performed by organelles.

	55.	Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?
a. nucleus; protein synthesis   b. ER; heredity   c. Golgi bodies; packaging   d. mitochondria; digestion   e. chloroplasts; storage of lipids

	56.	The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a compartment used for storage or transport is the
a. mitochondrion.   b. chloroplast.   c. nucleolus.   d. Golgi body.   e. vesicle.

	57.	Where in cells are proteins manufactured?
a. Golgi bodies   b. vesicles   c. rough endoplasmic reticula   d. lysosomes   e. smooth endoplasmic reticula

	58.	Which of the following are the primary structures that package cellular secretions for export from the cell?
a. Golgi bodies   b. ribosomes   c. mitochondria   d. lysosomes   e. endoplasmic reticula

	59.	Which of the following contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP?
a. Golgi bodies   b. ribosomes   c. mitochondria   d. lysosomes   e. endoplasmic reticula

	60.	The cytoskeleton
a. extends between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.   b. is found within the nucleus.   c. is associated with only certain cell structures.   d. is found within organelles.   e. is found in all animal cells but not in cells with cell walls.

	61.	The structure that is compared to a whip is a(n)
a. microfilament.   b. intermediate filament.   c. cilium.   d. flagellum.   e. microtubule.

	62.	It is advantageous for cells to be small because:
a. a small cell size prevents a cell from weighing too much.   b. a small cell size occupies less space in nature where space is limited.   c. a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport.   d. a small cell has a small surface area relative to volume, thereby facilitating ion balance.   e. a small cell is better able to conserve energy than a larger cell.

	63.	A eukaryotic cell:
a. is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell.   b. has its DNA concentrated in one area of the cell without a nuclear membrane.   c. typically has a cell wall, in addition to a plasma membrane.   d. is exemplified by bacteria.   e. has a variety of membranous organelles.

Figure 4-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

	64.	Refer to Figure 4-2. The cellular structure indicated by the arrow is responsible for:
a. lipid and fatty acid metabolism.   b. protein synthesis.   c. digestion of unused organelles.   d. replication.   e. None of these.

	65.	The __________ can be considered a sorting, processing and packaging center.
a. centriole   b. centrosome   c. Golgi complex   d. vacuole   e. cytoskeleton

	66.	All of the following functions are performed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT:
a. maintaining hydrostatic (turgor) pressure.   b. waste storage and recycling.   c. storage of proteins.   d. breakdown of unneeded cellular materials.   e. storage of nucleic acids.

	67.	A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the:
a. chloroplast.   b. ribosome.   c. endoplasmic reticulum.   d. microtubule.   e. microfilament.

	68.	Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
a. chloroplast-storage of enzymes   b. lysosome-powerhouse of the cell   c. centrosome-cell division   d. plastids-structural support of the cell   e. Golgi complex-production of energy

	69.	The majority of a cell's vital activities occur in ____.
a. the mitochondria   b. the nucleus   c. the cytoplasm   d. organelles   e. the plasma membrane

	70.	Chromatin consists of ____.
a. only DNA   b. DNA and RNA   c. RNA only   d. DNA and associated proteins   e. proteins only in the nucleus

	71.	The ____ is not a part of the endomembrane system.
a. endoplasmic reticulum   b. Golgi complex   c. lysosome   d. nucleolus   e. nuclear envelope

	72.	The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids.
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum   b. Golgi complex   c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum   d. ribosomes   e. nucleoli

	73.	Which one of the following cellular components is NOT directly involved in synthesis or secretion of molecules in the cell?
a. ribosomes   b. lysosome   c. rough endoplasmic reticulum   d. Golgi complex   e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

	74.	Molecules brought into the cell from the exterior are placed into vesicles for routing to other locations such as ____.
a. the nucleus   b. lysosomes   c. mitochondria   d. ribosomes   e. cholorplasts

	75.	Cellular respiration occurs in the ____.
a. lysosomes   b. chloroplasts   c. mitochondria   d. peroxisomes   e. Golgi complex

	76.	Cellular respiration is the process by which ____ and ____ are converted to water and carbon dioxide during the formation of cellular energy.
a. CO2; glucose   b. CO2; fats   c. O2; CO2   d. O2; glucose   e. ATP; O2

	77.	Chloroplasts are the site of ____.
a. DNA synthesis   b. cellular digestion   c. protein synthesis   d. photosynthesis   e. lipid synthesis

	78.	Chloroplasts utilize light energy to make ____.
a. carbohydrates   b. fats   c. proteins   d. nucleic acids   e. steroids

	79.	The cell wall is composed primarily of cellulose, which is a network of highly branched ____.
a. carbohydrates   b. nucleic acids   c. proteins   d. steroids   e. phospholipids

Matching

Matching. Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a.	Observation	
b.	Question	
c.	Hypothesis	
d.	Prediction	
e.	Observational experiment	
f.	Laboratory experiment	
g.	Assess results	
h.	Report	

	80.	Conduct a survey of individuals who smoke and individuals who do not smoke. Determine which group has the highest incidence of cancers.

	81.	If smoking causes cancer, then individuals who smoke will get cancer more often than those who do not.

	82.	Smoking cigarettes may cause cancer.

	83.	Why do people get cancer?

	84.	People get cancer.

Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.
a.	evolution	
b.	reproduction	
c.	photosynthesis	
d.	growth	
e.	homeostasis	

	85.	a process found only in plants and some bacteria and some protists

	86.	a characteristic most organisms exhibit that tends to buffer the effects of environmental change

	87.	heritable change occurs in a line of descent

	88.	process in which one generation replaces another

Matching. Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.	contain enzymes for intracellular digestion	
b.	are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled	
c.	package cellular secretions for export	
d.	extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide	
e.	synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm	
f.	transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins	
g.	store substances	
h.	encode hereditary information	
i.	help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division	
j.	convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch	

	89.	Golgi bodies

	90.	lysosomes

	91.	mitochondria

	92.	nucleoli

	93.	ribosomes

Match each of the following types of microscopy with the description that best describes it.
a.	Utilizes a thin beam of electrons to examine structures within a cell.	
b.	Utilizes lasers to scan a fluorescently stained specimen; a computer focuses the laser to show a single plane through a cell.	
c.	Utilizes differences in the way light is bent (refraction) in areas of various cellular density to visualize living cells.	
d.	Requires light passing through the specimen; typically involves staining with dye to enhance contrast. This treatment usually "fixes" and kills the cell.	
e.	A beam of electrons scanned over a whole cell allows visualization of surface structures; gives a 3D-appearing image.	

	94.	Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

	95.	Bright field microscopy

	96.	Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Match each of the following cellular structures with the function that best describes it.
a.	Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.	
b.	Location of genetic material.	
c.	Synthesize subunits that will be used to assemble ribosomes.	
d.	Site of protein synthesis.	
e.	Composed of cellulose; provides support and protection.	
f.	Synthesis of lipids.	
g.	Conversion of fuel molecules into energy.	
h.	Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.	
i.	Storage site in plant cells.	
j.	Synthesis of proteins for secretion.	
k.	Chemically modifies proteins.	
l.	Membrane-bound transport structure.	

	97.	ribosomes

	98.	nucleus

	99.	nucleoli

	100.	lysosomes

	101.	cell wall

Classification

Match each of the following cellular structures to the cell type it would be found in. An answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.	a feature of all living cells	
b.	found in prokaryotic cells only	
c.	found in eukaryotic cells only	
d.	found in plant cells only	
e.	found in animal cells only	

	102.	ribosome

	103.	nucleus

	104.	chloroplast

	105.	cell membrane

	106.	mitochondria

Labeling

Identify each of the cellular structures indicated in a eukaryotic animal cell.

	107.	Pair of centrioles

	108.	Lysosome

	109.	Mitochondrion

	110.	Vesicle

Labeling

Identify each of the cellular structures indicated in a eukaryotic plant cell.

	111.	Chloroplast

	112.	Golgi complex

	113.	Mitochondrion

	114.	Central vacuole

	115.	Vesicle